1
What is a computer network?
- A
A group of interconnected computers and devices
- B
A single computer with multiple users
- C
A type of software
- D
A peripheral device
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A group of interconnected computers and devices
🌐 120+ Questions • Updated 2026
Computer Networking
Multiple Choice Questions
Master Computer Networking with 120+ curated MCQs covering OSI, TCP/IP, IP addressing, routing, network security, and more. Perfect for exams, interviews, and placements.
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📝Networking MCQs(122 questions)
2
What is the full form of LAN?
- A
Local Area Network
- B
Large Area Network
- C
Long Area Network
- D
Limited Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Local Area Network
3
What is the full form of WAN?
- A
Wide Area Network
- B
Wireless Area Network
- C
Wired Area Network
- D
World Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Wide Area Network
4
What is a protocol?
- A
A set of rules for communication between devices
- B
A hardware component
- C
A type of software
- D
A storage device
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A set of rules for communication between devices
5
What is the purpose of a network topology?
- A
Defines the physical or logical arrangement of devices
- B
Defines the speed of the network
- C
Defines the security of the network
- D
Defines the type of cables used
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Defines the physical or logical arrangement of devices
6
Which of the following is a type of network topology?
- A
Star
- B
Ring
- C
Bus
- D
All of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. All of the above
7
What is the full form of OSI?
- A
Open Systems Interconnection
- B
Open Source Interconnection
- C
Operating System Interface
- D
Open Standard Interface
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Open Systems Interconnection
8
How many layers are in the OSI model?
- A
5
- B
6
- C
7
- D
8
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. 7
9
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing?
- A
Network Layer
- B
Transport Layer
- C
Data Link Layer
- D
Physical Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Network Layer
10
Which layer is responsible for error-free data delivery?
- A
Transport Layer
- B
Network Layer
- C
Data Link Layer
- D
Session Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Transport Layer
11
Which layer deals with physical characteristics of the medium?
- A
Physical Layer
- B
Data Link Layer
- C
Network Layer
- D
Presentation Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Physical Layer
12
Which layer is responsible for data encryption and compression?
- A
Presentation Layer
- B
Application Layer
- C
Session Layer
- D
Transport Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Presentation Layer
13
How many layers are in the TCP/IP model?
- A
4
- B
5
- C
6
- D
7
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 4
14
Which layer in TCP/IP corresponds to the OSI Network layer?
- A
Internet Layer
- B
Transport Layer
- C
Application Layer
- D
Network Access Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Internet Layer
15
What protocol is used at the Transport layer of TCP/IP?
- A
TCP
- B
UDP
- C
Both TCP and UDP
- D
IP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Both TCP and UDP
16
Which layer of TCP/IP is responsible for process-to-process communication?
- A
Application Layer
- B
Transport Layer
- C
Internet Layer
- D
Network Access Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Transport Layer
17
Which protocol is used for IP addressing?
- A
IP
- B
TCP
- C
UDP
- D
HTTP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. IP
18
What is the primary function of the Application layer in TCP/IP?
- A
Provide user interfaces and services
- B
Provide reliable data transfer
- C
Provide logical addressing
- D
Provide physical transmission
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Provide user interfaces and services
19
What is the size of an IPv4 address?
- A
32 bits
- B
64 bits
- C
128 bits
- D
16 bits
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 32 bits
20
What is the size of an IPv6 address?
- A
32 bits
- B
64 bits
- C
128 bits
- D
256 bits
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. 128 bits
21
How many classes are there in IPv4 addressing?
- A
3
- B
4
- C
5
- D
6
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. 5 (A, B, C, D, E)
22
Which IP address is a private IP address?
- A
192.168.1.1
- B
8.8.8.8
- C
1.1.1.1
- D
172.16.0.0
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 192.168.1.1
23
What is the default subnet mask for Class B IP address?
- A
255.0.0.0
- B
255.255.0.0
- C
255.255.255.0
- D
255.255.255.255
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. 255.255.0.0
24
What is the loopback IP address?
- A
127.0.0.1
- B
0.0.0.0
- C
255.255.255.255
- D
192.168.0.1
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 127.0.0.1
25
What is subnetting?
- A
Dividing a large network into smaller subnetworks
- B
Combining multiple networks into one
- C
Assigning IP addresses to devices
- D
Securing the network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Dividing a large network into smaller subnetworks
26
What is CIDR?
- A
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
- B
Classful Inter-Domain Routing
- C
Classless Internet Data Routing
- D
Classful Internet Data Routing
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Classless Inter-Domain Routing
27
What is a subnet mask?
- A
A 32-bit number that separates network and host parts
- B
A 32-bit number that encrypts data
- C
A 32-bit number that identifies a device
- D
A 32-bit number that routes packets
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A 32-bit number that separates network and host parts
28
What is the subnet mask for /24 prefix?
- A
255.255.255.0
- B
255.255.0.0
- C
255.0.0.0
- D
255.255.255.255
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 255.255.255.0
29
How many hosts can a /24 subnet support?
- A
254
- B
256
- C
252
- D
128
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 254
30
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
- A
To define the network and host portions of an IP address
- B
To encrypt data
- C
To route packets
- D
To provide error detection
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To define the network and host portions of an IP address
31
What is a router?
- A
A device that forwards data packets between networks
- B
A device that connects devices in a LAN
- C
A device that amplifies signals
- D
A device that stores network data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A device that forwards data packets between networks
32
What is a routing table?
- A
A table that stores network path information
- B
A table that stores MAC addresses
- C
A table that stores IP addresses
- D
A table that stores device names
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A table that stores network path information
33
What is static routing?
- A
Routes manually configured by the administrator
- B
Routes learned automatically using protocols
- C
Routes used for backup
- D
Routes that never change
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Routes manually configured by the administrator
34
What is dynamic routing?
- A
Routes learned automatically through routing protocols
- B
Routes manually configured
- C
Routes used for multicast
- D
Routes that are fixed
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Routes learned automatically through routing protocols
35
Which routing protocol uses hop count as metric?
- A
RIP
- B
OSPF
- C
BGP
- D
EIGRP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. RIP
36
What is the administrative distance of a static route?
- A
1
- B
0
- C
90
- D
110
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 1
37
Which protocol provides reliable, connection-oriented communication?
- A
TCP
- B
UDP
- C
IP
- D
ICMP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. TCP
38
Which protocol is connectionless and unreliable?
- A
UDP
- B
TCP
- C
HTTP
- D
FTP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. UDP
39
What is the port number for HTTP?
- A
80
- B
443
- C
21
- D
25
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 80
40
What is the port number for HTTPS?
- A
443
- B
80
- C
8080
- D
8443
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 443
41
What is the purpose of the TCP three-way handshake?
- A
To establish a connection
- B
To terminate a connection
- C
To send data
- D
To receive data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To establish a connection
42
Which flag is used to terminate a TCP connection?
- A
FIN
- B
SYN
- C
ACK
- D
RST
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. FIN
43
Which device operates at the Data Link layer of OSI?
- A
Switch
- B
Router
- C
Hub
- D
Repeater
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Switch
44
Which device operates at the Physical layer?
- A
Hub
- B
Switch
- C
Router
- D
Gateway
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Hub
45
Which device is used to connect different network segments?
- A
Bridge
- B
Switch
- C
Router
- D
Gateway
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Bridge
46
What is a gateway?
- A
A device that connects two different networks
- B
A device that connects devices in a LAN
- C
A device that amplifies signals
- D
A device that stores data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A device that connects two different networks
47
What is a firewall?
- A
A security device that filters network traffic
- B
A device that routes data
- C
A device that connects to the internet
- D
A device that provides Wi-Fi
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A security device that filters network traffic
48
What is a modem?
- A
A device that modulates and demodulates signals
- B
A device that routes packets
- C
A device that switches frames
- D
A device that connects multiple devices
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A device that modulates and demodulates signals
49
Which protocol is used for web browsing?
- A
HTTP
- B
FTP
- C
SMTP
- D
DNS
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. HTTP
50
Which protocol is used for email delivery?
- A
SMTP
- B
HTTP
- C
FTP
- D
SNMP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. SMTP
51
Which protocol is used for file transfer?
- A
FTP
- B
HTTP
- C
SMTP
- D
DNS
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. FTP
52
What is the role of DNS?
- A
To translate domain names to IP addresses
- B
To encrypt data
- C
To route packets
- D
To provide error detection
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To translate domain names to IP addresses
53
Which protocol is used for remote login?
- A
SSH
- B
Telnet
- C
FTP
- D
SMTP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. SSH
54
Which protocol is used for network management?
- A
SNMP
- B
HTTP
- C
FTP
- D
DNS
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. SNMP
55
What does Wi-Fi stand for?
- A
Wireless Fidelity
- B
Wireless Fiber
- C
Wireless Frequency
- D
Wireless Filter
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Wireless Fidelity
56
Which IEEE standard defines Wi-Fi?
- A
802.11
- B
802.3
- C
802.15
- D
802.16
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 802.11
57
What is the range of the 2.4 GHz band?
- A
Longer range, lower speed
- B
Shorter range, higher speed
- C
Same range as 5 GHz
- D
No difference
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Longer range, lower speed
58
What is the maximum speed of 802.11ac?
- A
1.3 Gbps
- B
600 Mbps
- C
11 Mbps
- D
54 Mbps
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 1.3 Gbps (theoretically)
59
What is SSID?
- A
Service Set Identifier (network name)
- B
Security Set Identifier
- C
Signal Set Identifier
- D
System Set Identifier
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Service Set Identifier (network name)
60
What is WPA used for?
- A
Wireless security encryption
- B
Wireless routing
- C
Wireless signal amplification
- D
Wireless device discovery
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Wireless security encryption
61
What is a firewall used for?
- A
To block unauthorized access
- B
To route packets
- C
To assign IP addresses
- D
To amplify signals
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To block unauthorized access
62
What is a VPN?
- A
Virtual Private Network
- B
Virtual Public Network
- C
Very Private Network
- D
Virtual Protocol Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Virtual Private Network
63
What is encryption?
- A
Converting data into a coded form
- B
Compressing data
- C
Routing data
- D
Amplifying data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Converting data into a coded form
64
What is a DDoS attack?
- A
Distributed Denial of Service attack
- B
Direct Denial of Service attack
- C
Dynamic Denial of Service attack
- D
Data Denial of Service attack
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Distributed Denial of Service attack
65
Which protocol is used for secure web browsing?
- A
HTTPS
- B
HTTP
- C
FTP
- D
SMTP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. HTTPS
66
What is the purpose of SSL/TLS?
- A
Encrypt data for secure transmission
- B
Compress data
- C
Route data
- D
Amplify signals
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Encrypt data for secure transmission
67
Which command is used to test connectivity to a remote host?
- A
ping
- B
tracert
- C
nslookup
- D
ipconfig
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. ping
68
Which command is used to trace the route to a destination?
- A
tracert
- B
ping
- C
nslookup
- D
netstat
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. tracert
69
Which command is used to display network configuration?
- A
ipconfig
- B
ping
- C
tracert
- D
nslookup
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. ipconfig
70
Which command is used to query DNS?
- A
nslookup
- B
ping
- C
tracert
- D
netstat
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. nslookup
71
What is the purpose of the 'arp' command?
- A
Display and modify the ARP cache
- B
Test network connectivity
- C
Trace route
- D
Display IP configuration
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Display and modify the ARP cache
72
What is the use of 'netstat' command?
- A
Display network connections and listening ports
- B
Test connectivity
- C
Trace route
- D
Query DNS
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Display network connections and listening ports
73
What is a PAN?
- A
Personal Area Network
- B
Public Area Network
- C
Private Area Network
- D
Protected Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Personal Area Network
74
What is a MAN?
- A
Metropolitan Area Network
- B
Medium Area Network
- C
Main Area Network
- D
Managed Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Metropolitan Area Network
75
What is a VLAN?
- A
Virtual Local Area Network
- B
Very Large Area Network
- C
Virtual Wide Area Network
- D
Volatile Local Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Virtual Local Area Network
76
What is the typical range of a LAN?
- A
Within a building or campus
- B
Across a city
- C
Across a country
- D
Globally
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Within a building or campus
77
What is the typical range of a WAN?
- A
Across a country or continent
- B
Within a building
- C
Within a city
- D
Within a room
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Across a country or continent
78
What is a storage area network (SAN)?
- A
A network dedicated to storage devices
- B
A network for personal devices
- C
A network for voice communication
- D
A network for video streaming
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A network dedicated to storage devices
79
What does DHCP stand for?
- A
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- B
Domain Host Control Protocol
- C
Data Host Configuration Protocol
- D
Dynamic Hypertext Control Protocol
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
80
What is the purpose of DHCP?
- A
Automatically assign IP addresses to devices
- B
Translate domain names to IP
- C
Route packets
- D
Secure network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Automatically assign IP addresses to devices
81
What does DNS stand for?
- A
Domain Name System
- B
Data Name System
- C
Dynamic Name System
- D
Digital Name System
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Domain Name System
82
What is the purpose of ARP?
- A
Resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses
- B
Resolve domain names to IP
- C
Assign IP addresses
- D
Route packets
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses
83
What is the function of NAT?
- A
Translate private IPs to public IPs
- B
Translate domain names to IPs
- C
Assign IP addresses
- D
Secure network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Translate private IPs to public IPs
84
What does SMTP stand for?
- A
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- B
Simple Message Transfer Protocol
- C
Standard Mail Transfer Protocol
- D
Secure Mail Transfer Protocol
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
85
What is a peer-to-peer network?
- A
All computers are equal and share resources
- B
A network with a central server
- C
A network with a dedicated router
- D
A network with no security
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. All computers are equal and share resources
86
Which layer of OSI is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions?
- A
Session Layer
- B
Presentation Layer
- C
Transport Layer
- D
Application Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Session Layer
87
Which layer in TCP/IP corresponds to the OSI Data Link and Physical layers?
- A
Network Access Layer
- B
Internet Layer
- C
Transport Layer
- D
Application Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Network Access Layer
88
What is the binary equivalent of 255 in an IPv4 address?
- A
11111111
- B
00000000
- C
11110000
- D
00001111
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 11111111
89
What is the network address for IP 192.168.1.25/24?
- A
192.168.1.0
- B
192.168.1.24
- C
192.168.1.16
- D
192.168.0.0
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 192.168.1.0
90
What is the default gateway?
- A
The router that connects the network to the internet
- B
The IP address of a device
- C
The subnet mask
- D
The DNS server
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. The router that connects the network to the internet
91
Which of the following uses TCP?
- A
FTP
- B
DNS
- C
SNMP
- D
DHCP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. FTP
92
What is a repeater?
- A
A device that regenerates signals
- B
A device that filters traffic
- C
A device that routes packets
- D
A device that assigns IP addresses
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A device that regenerates signals
93
What is the default port for SSH?
- A
22
- B
23
- C
21
- D
25
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 22
94
What is the security protocol for Wi-Fi networks?
- A
WPA2
- B
WEP
- C
Both A and B
- D
SSL
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Both A and B
95
What is a phishing attack?
- A
A cyber attack using fake emails to steal information
- B
A physical attack on network cables
- C
An attack that floods the network
- D
An attack that modifies data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A cyber attack using fake emails to steal information
96
What is the purpose of the 'traceroute' command?
- A
Show the path packets take to reach a destination
- B
Test network connectivity
- C
Display routing table
- D
Show ARP cache
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Show the path packets take to reach a destination
97
What is a SAN?
- A
Storage Area Network
- B
System Area Network
- C
Secure Area Network
- D
Server Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Storage Area Network
98
What does PDU stand for?
- A
Protocol Data Unit
- B
Packet Data Unit
- C
Physical Data Unit
- D
Process Data Unit
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Protocol Data Unit
99
What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
- A
Hub broadcasts to all ports; switch sends to specific port
- B
Switch broadcasts; hub sends specific
- C
Both work the same
- D
Hub is faster
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Hub broadcasts to all ports; switch sends to specific port
100
Which layer is responsible for flow control?
- A
Transport Layer
- B
Network Layer
- C
Data Link Layer
- D
Physical Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Transport Layer
101
Which protocol is used for error reporting?
- A
ICMP
- B
TCP
- C
UDP
- D
IP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. ICMP
102
What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.0/24?
- A
192.168.1.255
- B
192.168.1.0
- C
192.168.1.1
- D
192.168.0.255
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 192.168.1.255
103
What is the maximum number of subnets with /27 prefix?
- A
8
- B
16
- C
32
- D
64
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 8 (for Class C)
104
What is the purpose of BGP?
- A
Exterior gateway routing between autonomous systems
- B
Interior routing within an autonomous system
- C
Routing for small networks
- D
Routing for wireless networks
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Exterior gateway routing between autonomous systems
105
What is the header size of TCP?
- A
20 bytes (minimum)
- B
24 bytes
- C
8 bytes
- D
16 bytes
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 20 bytes (minimum)
106
What is a multilayer switch?
- A
A switch that operates at multiple OSI layers
- B
A switch with multiple ports
- C
A switch that can route at layer 3
- D
Both A and C
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. Both A and C
107
Which protocol is used for retrieving emails from a server?
- A
POP3
- B
IMAP
- C
Both A and B
- D
SMTP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Both A and B
108
What is the frequency range of Bluetooth?
- A
2.4 GHz
- B
5 GHz
- C
900 MHz
- D
1.8 GHz
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 2.4 GHz
109
What is a man-in-the-middle attack?
- A
An attacker intercepts communication between two parties
- B
An attacker floods the network
- C
An attacker steals passwords
- D
An attacker modifies data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. An attacker intercepts communication between two parties
110
What is the use of the 'telnet' command?
- A
Remote connection to a device
- B
Test network connectivity
- C
Trace route
- D
Display IP configuration
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Remote connection to a device
111
What is a campus network?
- A
A network connecting buildings in a campus
- B
A network connecting devices in a room
- C
A network across a city
- D
A network across a country
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A network connecting buildings in a campus
112
What does NTP stand for?
- A
Network Time Protocol
- B
Network Transfer Protocol
- C
Network Transport Protocol
- D
Network Translation Protocol
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Network Time Protocol
113
What is the difference between a public and private IP address?
- A
Public IPs are routable on the internet; private IPs are not
- B
Private IPs are routable; public IPs are not
- C
Both are routable
- D
Neither is routable
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Public IPs are routable on the internet; private IPs are not
114
Which layer is responsible for MAC addressing?
- A
Data Link Layer
- B
Network Layer
- C
Transport Layer
- D
Physical Layer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Data Link Layer
115
Which protocol is used for network address translation?
- A
NAT
- B
ARP
- C
DNS
- D
DHCP
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. NAT
116
What is the class of IP address 10.0.0.1?
- A
Class A
- B
Class B
- C
Class C
- D
Class D
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Class A
117
How many subnets and hosts per subnet does a /26 subnet provide for a Class C network?
- A
4 subnets, 62 hosts each
- B
4 subnets, 64 hosts each
- C
2 subnets, 126 hosts each
- D
8 subnets, 30 hosts each
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✓ A. 4 subnets, 62 hosts each
118
What is a routing metric?
- A
A value used to determine the best path
- B
A type of route
- C
A routing protocol
- D
A network device
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✓ A. A value used to determine the best path
119
What is the window size in TCP?
- A
The amount of data that can be sent before acknowledgment
- B
The size of the TCP header
- C
The number of connections
- D
The size of the payload
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✓ A. The amount of data that can be sent before acknowledgment
120
What is an access point?
- A
A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
- B
A device that routes data
- C
A device that amplifies signals
- D
A device that stores data
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✓ A. A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
121
Which protocol is used for streaming media?
- A
RTP
- B
HTTP
- C
FTP
- D
SMTP
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✓ A. RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)
122
What is the purpose of a digital certificate?
- A
To verify the identity of a party
- B
To encrypt data
- C
To compress data
- D
To route data
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✓ A. To verify the identity of a party
❓Frequently Asked Questions
What is the OSI model and why is it important?
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a reference model that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven layers. It helps in understanding, designing, and troubleshooting networks by providing a clear framework for how data is transmitted from one application to another across the network.
What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, providing about 4.3 billion addresses. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, providing a virtually unlimited number of addresses. IPv6 also includes built-in security features and improved header format for better efficiency.
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery. UDP is a connectionless protocol that offers faster but unreliable delivery. TCP is used for applications like web browsing and file transfer, while UDP is used for streaming and real-time applications.
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into network and host portions. It helps in identifying which part of the IP address refers to the network and which part refers to the host, enabling efficient routing and subnetting.
What is the role of a router in a network?
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different networks. It uses routing tables and protocols to determine the best path for packet delivery. Routers connect LANs to WANs and enable communication between different networks.
What is DNS and how does it work?
DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses. It works through a hierarchical distributed database where DNS servers query each other to resolve a domain name to an IP address.
What is a firewall and what are its types?
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Types include packet-filtering firewalls, stateful inspection firewalls, and application-layer firewalls (proxy firewalls).
What is the difference between a hub, a switch, and a router?
A hub is a simple device that broadcasts data to all connected devices. A switch is more intelligent and forwards data only to the intended device using MAC addresses. A router connects different networks and routes data between them using IP addresses.
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