1
The basic operations performed by a computer are:
- A
Arithmetic operation
- B
Logical operation
- C
Storage and retrieval
- D
All of the above
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✓ D. All of the above
🎯 120+ Questions • Updated 2026
Computer Fundamentals
Multiple Choice Questions
Master Computer Fundamentals with 120+ curated MCQs covering basics, hardware, software, memory, number systems, and more. Perfect for exams, interviews, and placements.
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📝Computer Fundamentals MCQs(120 questions)
2
The two major types of computer chips are:
- A
External memory chips
- B
Primary memory chips
- C
Microprocessor chips
- D
Both B and C
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. Both B and C
3
The brain of any computer system is:
- A
ALU
- B
Memory
- C
CPU
- D
All of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. CPU
4
Microprocessors as switching devices are for which generation computers?
- A
First Generation
- B
Second Generation
- C
Third Generation
- D
Fourth Generation
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. Fourth Generation
5
Storage capacity of magnetic disk depends on:
- A
Tracks per inch surface
- B
Bits per inch of tracks
- C
Disk pack in disk surface
- D
All of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. All of the above
6
The two types of main memory are:
- A
Primary and secondary
- B
Random and sequential
- C
RAM and ROM
- D
All of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. RAM and ROM
7
Integrated circuits are related to which generation of computers?
- A
First generation
- B
Second generation
- C
Third generation
- D
Fourth generation
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Third generation
8
What was the main component of first generation computers?
- A
Transistors
- B
Vacuum tubes and valves
- C
Integrated circuits
- D
Microprocessors
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Vacuum tubes and valves
9
Which generation of computers used transistors?
- A
First Generation
- B
Second Generation
- C
Third Generation
- D
Fourth Generation
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Second Generation
10
The use of microprocessors started in which generation?
- A
Second Generation
- B
Third Generation
- C
Fourth Generation
- D
Fifth Generation
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✓ C. Fourth Generation
11
Which generation computers used artificial intelligence concepts?
- A
Third Generation
- B
Fourth Generation
- C
Fifth Generation
- D
First Generation
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Fifth Generation
12
The ENIAC computer belongs to which generation?
- A
First Generation
- B
Second Generation
- C
Third Generation
- D
Fourth Generation
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. First Generation
13
CD-ROM is:
- A
Semiconductor memory
- B
Memory register
- C
Magnetic memory
- D
None of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. None of the above (CD-ROM is optical storage)
14
What is the smallest unit of memory?
- A
Kilobyte
- B
Byte
- C
Bit
- D
Nibble
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Bit
15
What is the full form of RAM?
- A
Random Access Memory
- B
Read Access Memory
- C
Random Accurate Memory
- D
Read Accurate Memory
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Random Access Memory
16
What is the full form of ROM?
- A
Read Only Memory
- B
Random Only Memory
- C
Read Once Memory
- D
Random Operation Memory
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Read Only Memory
17
What is cache memory?
- A
High-speed memory between CPU and main memory
- B
Secondary storage
- C
Virtual memory
- D
Flash memory
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. High-speed memory between CPU and main memory
18
Which of the following is volatile memory?
- A
RAM
- B
ROM
- C
Hard Disk
- D
CD-ROM
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. RAM
19
The ALU of a computer responds to commands coming from:
- A
Primary memory
- B
Control section
- C
External memory
- D
Cache memory
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Control section
20
What does ALU stand for?
- A
Arithmetic Logic Unit
- B
Arithmetic Logical Unit
- C
Assembly Logic Unit
- D
Arithmetic Local Unit
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Arithmetic Logic Unit
21
Which component of the CPU controls the execution of instructions?
- A
ALU
- B
Control Unit
- C
Registers
- D
Cache
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Control Unit
22
What is the function of the ALU?
- A
It performs arithmetic and logical operations
- B
It controls the flow of data
- C
It stores data temporarily
- D
It manages memory
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. It performs arithmetic and logical operations
23
Which register holds the address of the next instruction?
- A
Program Counter
- B
Instruction Register
- C
Accumulator
- D
Stack Pointer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Program Counter
24
What is the role of the instruction register (IR)?
- A
Holds the current instruction being executed
- B
Holds the address of the next instruction
- C
Holds the result of arithmetic operations
- D
Holds the stack pointer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Holds the current instruction being executed
25
To produce high-quality graphics in color, which would you use?
- A
RGB Monitor
- B
Plotter
- C
InkJet Printer
- D
Laser Printer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Plotter
26
Which of the following is an input device?
- A
Monitor
- B
Printer
- C
Keyboard
- D
Speaker
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✓ C. Keyboard
27
Which device is used to read OCR (Optical Character Recognition) characters?
- A
Scanner
- B
MICR
- C
Barcode reader
- D
Optical scanner
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Scanner
28
What type of printer uses a toner cartridge?
- A
Inkjet Printer
- B
Laser Printer
- C
Dot Matrix Printer
- D
Thermal Printer
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✓ B. Laser Printer
29
Which display technology is commonly used in modern monitors?
- A
CRT
- B
LCD/LED
- C
Plasma
- D
OLED
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. LCD/LED
30
What is the function of a scanner?
- A
To convert a physical document into digital image
- B
To print documents
- C
To display images
- D
To store data
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✓ A. To convert a physical document into digital image
31
What is the base of the binary number system?
- A
2
- B
8
- C
10
- D
16
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 2
32
What is the base of the octal number system?
- A
2
- B
8
- C
10
- D
16
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. 8
33
What is the base of the hexadecimal number system?
- A
2
- B
8
- C
10
- D
16
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. 16
34
What is the binary equivalent of decimal 10?
- A
1010
- B
1100
- C
1000
- D
1110
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 1010
35
What is the decimal equivalent of binary 1111?
- A
15
- B
16
- C
14
- D
13
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 15
36
What is the octal equivalent of binary 101101?
- A
55
- B
45
- C
53
- D
51
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 55
37
Which is the first program loaded into memory when a computer starts?
- A
BIOS
- B
Operating System
- C
Boot Loader
- D
Device Driver
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. BIOS
38
What is the main function of an operating system?
- A
To manage hardware and software resources
- B
To perform calculations
- C
To store data
- D
To print documents
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To manage hardware and software resources
39
Which of the following is a type of operating system?
- A
Windows
- B
Linux
- C
macOS
- D
All of the above
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✓ D. All of the above
40
What is a process in an operating system?
- A
A program in execution
- B
A file stored on disk
- C
A device driver
- D
A memory location
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A program in execution
41
What is the kernel of an operating system?
- A
The core part that manages system resources
- B
The user interface
- C
The file system
- D
The compiler
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. The core part that manages system resources
42
What is virtual memory?
- A
Memory that uses a hard disk as extended RAM
- B
Cache memory
- C
ROM memory
- D
Flash memory
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Memory that uses a hard disk as extended RAM
43
What is system software?
- A
Software that runs the computer hardware
- B
Software that performs specific tasks for users
- C
Software used for games
- D
Software used for office work
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Software that runs the computer hardware
44
What is application software?
- A
Software that performs specific tasks for users
- B
Software that manages the computer
- C
Software that is written in machine language
- D
Software that is not needed
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Software that performs specific tasks for users
45
Which of the following is an example of system software?
- A
Microsoft Word
- B
Windows 10
- C
Google Chrome
- D
Adobe Photoshop
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Windows 10
46
What is a compiler?
- A
A program that translates high-level code to machine code
- B
A program that interprets code line by line
- C
A program that organizes files
- D
A program that manages memory
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A program that translates high-level code to machine code
47
What is an interpreter?
- A
A program that translates and executes high-level code line by line
- B
A program that compiles all code at once
- C
A program that manages files
- D
A program that updates software
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A program that translates and executes high-level code line by line
48
What is open-source software?
- A
Software with source code freely available
- B
Software that is free of cost
- C
Software that is licensed
- D
Software that is used only by developers
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Software with source code freely available
49
What is a computer network?
- A
A group of interconnected computers
- B
A single computer with multiple users
- C
A type of software
- D
A peripheral device
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A group of interconnected computers
50
What is the full form of LAN?
- A
Local Area Network
- B
Large Area Network
- C
Long Area Network
- D
Limited Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Local Area Network
51
What is the full form of WAN?
- A
Wide Area Network
- B
Wireless Area Network
- C
Wired Area Network
- D
World Area Network
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Wide Area Network
52
What is a protocol?
- A
A set of rules for communication between devices
- B
A hardware component
- C
A type of software
- D
A storage device
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✓ A. A set of rules for communication between devices
53
What does IP stand for?
- A
Internet Protocol
- B
Internal Protocol
- C
Integrated Protocol
- D
Information Protocol
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Internet Protocol
54
What is the function of a router?
- A
To forward data packets between networks
- B
To connect computers in a LAN
- C
To store network data
- D
To display network traffic
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To forward data packets between networks
55
What is the Internet?
- A
A global network of interconnected computers
- B
A single computer
- C
A type of software
- D
A search engine
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A global network of interconnected computers
56
What does WWW stand for?
- A
World Wide Web
- B
World Wide Work
- C
Web World Wide
- D
World Web Wide
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. World Wide Web
57
What is a web browser?
- A
Software used to access the internet
- B
A search engine
- C
A type of server
- D
A network cable
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Software used to access the internet
58
What is a URL?
- A
Uniform Resource Locator
- B
Universal Resource Locator
- C
Uniform Resource Link
- D
Universal Resource Link
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Uniform Resource Locator
59
What is HTML?
- A
HyperText Markup Language
- B
HyperText Machine Language
- C
High-Level Text Markup Language
- D
Hyper Transfer Markup Language
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. HyperText Markup Language
60
What is a search engine?
- A
A tool to search for information on the internet
- B
A web browser
- C
A type of network
- D
A server
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A tool to search for information on the internet
61
What is a computer virus?
- A
A program that replicates itself and causes harm
- B
A hardware failure
- C
A type of application
- D
A network error
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A program that replicates itself and causes harm
62
What is an antivirus program?
- A
Software that detects and removes viruses
- B
A program that creates viruses
- C
A hardware device
- D
A firewall
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Software that detects and removes viruses
63
What is a firewall?
- A
A security system that controls network traffic
- B
A physical wall
- C
A type of virus
- D
An antivirus program
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A security system that controls network traffic
64
What is phishing?
- A
A cyber attack that uses fake emails to steal information
- B
A type of virus
- C
A hardware failure
- D
A network protocol
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A cyber attack that uses fake emails to steal information
65
What is malware?
- A
Malicious software designed to damage or compromise a system
- B
A type of hardware
- C
A network device
- D
A programming language
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Malicious software designed to damage or compromise a system
66
What is a strong password?
- A
A long password with uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols
- B
A short password
- C
A password using only numbers
- D
A password using only letters
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A long password with uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols
67
What is a bit?
- A
The smallest unit of data
- B
A byte
- C
A kilobyte
- D
A megabyte
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. The smallest unit of data
68
How many bytes are in a kilobyte?
- A
1024
- B
1000
- C
512
- D
2048
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 1024
69
What is a nibble?
- A
4 bits
- B
8 bits
- C
16 bits
- D
32 bits
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 4 bits
70
What is ASCII?
- A
A character encoding standard
- B
A type of printer
- C
A network protocol
- D
A programming language
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A character encoding standard
71
What is Unicode?
- A
A universal character encoding standard
- B
A type of database
- C
A programming language
- D
A network protocol
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A universal character encoding standard
72
What is the binary representation of decimal 5?
- A
101
- B
100
- C
110
- D
111
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 101
73
What is a motherboard?
- A
The main circuit board of a computer
- B
A storage device
- C
An input device
- D
A display unit
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. The main circuit board of a computer
74
What is a power supply unit (PSU)?
- A
Converts AC to DC power for the computer
- B
Stores data
- C
Processes data
- D
Displays output
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Converts AC to DC power for the computer
75
What is a graphics card?
- A
A component that renders images and video
- B
A storage device
- C
A network adapter
- D
A sound card
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A component that renders images and video
76
What is a hard disk drive (HDD)?
- A
A magnetic storage device
- B
A solid-state drive
- C
A RAM module
- D
A processor
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A magnetic storage device
77
What is SSD (Solid State Drive)?
- A
A fast storage device using flash memory
- B
A magnetic storage device
- C
A type of RAM
- D
A processor
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A fast storage device using flash memory
78
What is the function of a network interface card (NIC)?
- A
To connect a computer to a network
- B
To display graphics
- C
To store data
- D
To process data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To connect a computer to a network
79
Computers are free from fatigue and boredom. What is this characteristic called?
- A
Accuracy
- B
Reliability
- C
Diligence
- D
Versatility
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Diligence
80
The ability of a computer to perform a wide variety of tasks is called:
- A
Accuracy
- B
Reliability
- C
Diligence
- D
Versatility
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. Versatility
81
What is the characteristic that allows computers to produce error-free results?
- A
Accuracy
- B
Speed
- C
Storage
- D
Versatility
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Accuracy
82
The speed of a computer is measured in:
- A
MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second)
- B
MBps (Megabytes per second)
- C
GHz (Gigahertz)
- D
All of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. All of the above
83
The ability to store large amounts of data and retrieve it quickly is a characteristic called:
- A
Storage capacity
- B
Speed
- C
Versatility
- D
Reliability
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Storage capacity
84
A computer's ability to work continuously without errors is known as:
- A
Reliability
- B
Accuracy
- C
Diligence
- D
Versatility
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Reliability
85
A hybrid computer:
- A
Resembles a digital computer
- B
Resembles an analogue computer
- C
Resembles both digital and analogue computers
- D
None of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Resembles both digital and analogue computers
86
Which type of computer uses the 8-bit code called EBCDIC?
- A
Mini computer
- B
Micro computer
- C
Mainframe computer
- D
Super computer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Mainframe computer
87
A storage area used to store data to compensate for the difference in speed at which different units can handle data is:
- A
Memory
- B
Buffer
- C
Accumulator
- D
Address
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. Buffer
88
Which of the following is a non-volatile memory?
- A
RAM
- B
ROM
- C
Cache
- D
Register
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ B. ROM
89
What is the function of the accumulator?
- A
Stores intermediate results
- B
Holds the address of next instruction
- C
Manages data flow
- D
Performs logical operations
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Stores intermediate results
90
What is the machine cycle?
- A
Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle
- B
Read-Write cycle
- C
Input-Output cycle
- D
Start-Stop cycle
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle
91
Which device is used to print large engineering drawings?
- A
Laser printer
- B
Inkjet printer
- C
Plotter
- D
Dot matrix printer
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Plotter
92
What is the most common input device for gaming?
- A
Mouse
- B
Keyboard
- C
Joystick
- D
Scanner
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ C. Joystick
93
What is the binary equivalent of octal 17?
- A
1111
- B
1110
- C
1101
- D
1011
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 1111
94
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal 2F?
- A
47
- B
48
- C
49
- D
50
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 47
95
What is a real-time operating system (RTOS)?
- A
An OS that responds to events within a guaranteed time frame
- B
An OS that is used for batch processing
- C
An OS that is used for mobile devices
- D
An OS that is used for gaming
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. An OS that responds to events within a guaranteed time frame
96
What is a file system?
- A
A method of organizing and storing files on a storage device
- B
A type of database
- C
A network protocol
- D
A programming language
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A method of organizing and storing files on a storage device
97
What is proprietary software?
- A
Software that is owned by a company and has restrictive licensing
- B
Free software
- C
Open-source software
- D
Public domain software
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Software that is owned by a company and has restrictive licensing
98
Which of the following is a utility program?
- A
Disk defragmenter
- B
Word processor
- C
Spreadsheet
- D
Database
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Disk defragmenter
99
What is a MAC address?
- A
A unique hardware identifier for network interfaces
- B
An IP address
- C
A software address
- D
A domain name
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A unique hardware identifier for network interfaces
100
What is the OSI model?
- A
A reference model for network communication
- B
A type of network device
- C
A protocol
- D
A programming model
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A reference model for network communication
101
What is a domain name?
- A
A human-readable name that identifies a website
- B
An IP address
- C
A server name
- D
A file name
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A human-readable name that identifies a website
102
What is the function of DNS?
- A
To translate domain names to IP addresses
- B
To assign IP addresses
- C
To manage network traffic
- D
To encrypt data
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To translate domain names to IP addresses
103
What is ransomware?
- A
Malware that encrypts files and demands payment
- B
A type of virus
- C
A hardware failure
- D
A network attack
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Malware that encrypts files and demands payment
104
What is two-factor authentication (2FA)?
- A
Using two different methods to verify identity
- B
Using two passwords
- C
Using two devices
- D
Using two networks
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Using two different methods to verify identity
105
What is the binary representation of decimal 13?
- A
1101
- B
1110
- C
1010
- D
1000
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 1101
106
What is one's complement?
- A
Inverting all bits of a binary number
- B
Adding 1 to a binary number
- C
Subtracting 1 from a binary number
- D
Multiplying by 2
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Inverting all bits of a binary number
107
What is a system bus?
- A
A pathway that transfers data between components
- B
A power cable
- C
A storage device
- D
A display cable
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A pathway that transfers data between components
108
What is a heat sink?
- A
A component that dissipates heat from the CPU
- B
A cooling fan
- C
A power supply
- D
A memory module
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A component that dissipates heat from the CPU
109
Which characteristic of computers allows them to perform millions of calculations per second?
- A
Speed
- B
Accuracy
- C
Diligence
- D
Versatility
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Speed
110
A computer's ability to do any task is called:
- A
Versatility
- B
Reliability
- C
Accuracy
- D
Diligence
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Versatility
111
Which device is used to input data into a computer?
- A
Keyboard
- B
Monitor
- C
Printer
- D
Speaker
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Keyboard
112
Which component is known as the 'heart' of the computer?
- A
CPU
- B
Hard Disk
- C
RAM
- D
Power Supply
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. CPU
113
What is the primary storage of a computer?
- A
RAM
- B
Hard Disk
- C
CD-ROM
- D
DVD
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. RAM
114
Which memory is used to store firmware?
- A
ROM
- B
RAM
- C
Cache
- D
Register
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. ROM
115
What is the main function of the control unit?
- A
To direct the operation of the processor
- B
To perform arithmetic operations
- C
To store data
- D
To interface with peripherals
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. To direct the operation of the processor
116
What is a register?
- A
A small, high-speed storage location within the CPU
- B
A type of RAM
- C
A storage device
- D
A bus
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. A small, high-speed storage location within the CPU
117
Which output device produces output in hard copy form?
- A
Printer
- B
Monitor
- C
Speaker
- D
Projector
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. Printer
118
Which device is used to capture an image and convert it to digital form?
- A
Scanner
- B
Webcam
- C
Digital camera
- D
All of the above
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ D. All of the above
119
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of binary 10101010?
- A
AA
- B
AB
- C
A9
- D
BA
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. AA
120
What is the decimal equivalent of octal 77?
- A
63
- B
64
- C
65
- D
66
Show AnswerHide Answer
✓ A. 63
❓Frequently Asked Questions
What are computer fundamentals?
Computer fundamentals cover the basic concepts of computers, including hardware, software, operating systems, input/output devices, memory, and data representation. It forms the foundation for understanding how computers work.
Why should I practice Computer Fundamentals MCQs?
Practicing Computer Fundamentals MCQs helps you prepare for competitive exams, technical interviews, and placement tests. It reinforces your understanding of core concepts and improves your problem-solving speed.
What are the key topics in Computer Fundamentals?
Key topics include Computer Basics, Generations, CPU, ALU, Memory, Storage, Number Systems, Operating Systems, Software Types, Networks, Internet, Security, and Data Representation.
How can I prepare for computer fundamentals exams?
Start with the basics, study the evolution of computers, understand hardware components, practice number system conversions, and regularly test yourself with MCQs. Hands-on practice with computers also helps.
What is the importance of number systems in computers?
Number systems (binary, octal, hexadecimal) are fundamental because computers use binary (0 and 1) for all operations. Understanding them is essential for programming, networking, and data representation.
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM is volatile memory used for temporary storage of data and programs currently in use. ROM is non-volatile memory used to store firmware and system instructions that are not lost when the computer is turned off.